NVRAM (non-volatile random-access memory) on Intel-based Macs and PRAM (Parameter RAM) on old PowerPC are responsible for storing your Mac’s settings. Chances are they may have gone haywire. Let me tell you more about each and show you how to reset NVRAM or PRAM to fix specific Mac problems. Note: If you own a Mac with Apple Silicon, the following guide does not apply to you.
What is the work of NVRAM and PRAM on Mac?
NVRAM and PRAM are small, always-powered memory that holds Mac’s configuration information like the startup disk, screen resolution, time zone, volume, and more. There is a small battery in Mac desktops to prevent the loss of these essential pieces of information. This ensures that even if you switch off or remove the main power cord on your iMac, things work correctly. On Mac notebooks (MacBook Air and MacBook Pro), there is already a battery inside.
Why and when should you reset the NVRAM or PRAM?
If you have problems related to the settings controlled by NVRAM or PRAM (and if a simple restart does not help), resetting NVRAM or PRAM will solve the issue. This includes:
Different disk boot-up than the one set in Startup Disk preferences.A question mark when you power on your Mac.Increase in Mac’s shutdown time.Lagging issues (the legendary rainbow spinning wheel doesn’t show up).Incorrect clock or time zone.Problem with the sound output or volume levels.Erratic mouse scroll and click speed.Changing display resolution on every startup (or no changes at all).AirPort issues.Hard drives or external displays don’t connect.
How to reset NVRAM or PRAM on Intel-based Macs
This is how you can reset NVRAM or PRAM on your Mac. After this is done and your Mac powers on, you might notice different settings like time, time zone, volume, etc. To change these, click the Apple logo and choose System Preferences. Next, click the appropriate options (or use the search box) and set them accordingly. Important notes:
If your Mac has a firmware password, you cannot reset NVRAM or PRAM. Turn off the firmware password and then follow the above steps.If your Mac computer (not MacBook) resets these basic settings (time, volume, etc.) after shut down, this means the small battery (we talked about above) needs replacement. If you have the technical know-how, you can take the help of online video tutorials to change the battery. They are inexpensive. Or contact an authorized Apple service center. At times, unauthorized shops may charge a considerable amount for this small replacement.
More Mac-related posts for you:
How to reset SMC on Mac and why you might want to? (Intel-based Macs)How to disable Safari tab previews on MacMethods to listen to Audible on MacMind mapping software for Mac
